Steroids Is The Single Most Abused Performance Enhancing...

Steroids are the single most abused performance-enhancing substance in the history of sports. As popular as the drug may be, the DEA listed anabolic steroids as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substance Act in 1990: meaning steroids can only be prescribed by a medical professional (Parks 12). Steroids are not only creating a poor image of professional sports, they also set a terrible example for the athletic, competitive youth of this generation. Children venerate their role models - like Mark McGwire and Barry Bonds - and think the only way to be as successful as they are is to do as they do: use steroids. What the youth are too naà ¯ve to consider is that steroids do not improve agility, skill or cardiovascular capacity, and can prematurely stunt growth and destroy the liver of adolescents (ESPN). While the effects on the youth cannot be ignored, the everlasting effects on sports themselves leave a tarnished sense of distrust. Dr. Paul Finkelman stated, â€Å"Steroids undermine the integrity [of the game] by placing in doubt the skill of players, as fans assume that homers are hit because of steroids, not skill† (ProCon). The problem with making a stricter Performance Enhancing Drug (PED) testing policy is that if one substance becomes too recognizable, there will always be new, untested drugs which can cause more harm to one’s body than steroids ever would (Ropp). Random drug testing has proven successful in the past, but tests are very expensive and can sometimes beShow MoreRelatedPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 PagesThe use of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constit utes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sportsRead MoreHow Society Is Affected By Drug Usage In Sport?1540 Words   |  7 PagesDrugs have been a problem in our society for years. They have been used and abused by many groups, including amateur and professional athletes. Drugs are also used for recreational use not just for performance enhancement. Society is directly influenced by the usage of drugs in sport. A study in 2002 showed that An estimated 3 million people aged 15 or older reported that they used marijuana or hashish at least once in the year before the survey This shows that 12.2% of all Canadians either haveRead MoreThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports They’re among the world’s most controversial drugs. Not Heroin, Ganja, Coke or Crystal Meth, but Anabolic Steroids. Steroids are medical treatments that come in two varieties: Anabolic Steroids and Corticosteroids. These are both synthetic versions of hormones produced naturally in the body but they perform two completely different tasks. Corticosteroids are used by doctors to decrease inflammation. Anabolic Steroids are the familiar term for the syntheticRead MoreSteroids Abuse in Baseball1746 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of Americas Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behavior orRead More Steroid Abuse Hurts Baseball Essay1701 Words   |  7 PagesSteroid Abuse Hurts Baseball   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The abuse of steroids among players in Major League Baseball is corrupting the image of America?s Pastime as well as endangering the health of those who use the illegal substances. The lack of testing and punishment for the use of illegal substances like steroids in the Major Leagues portrays a negative image to aspiring young athletes. They see their role models using steroids and becoming better athletes rather than seeing suspensions for the illegal behaviorRead More Use of Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay2025 Words   |  9 PagesThe use of performance enhancing drugs in sports (doping) is done to improve athletic performance. Doping in sports has become a highly controversial topic among professional sporting venues and in the media. With the increased pressure to perform, high priced contracts, increased competition, and advanced training methods today’s athletes will try to gain an edge by any means necessary. Performance enhancing drugs used by athletes today include Human Growth Hormone (HGH), anabolic steroids, peptideRead MoreThe Development of Anabolic Steroids in Sports Essay2058 Words   |  9 Pagestestosterone-propionate, a specific form of testosterone, was first used by the soviets to improve athletic performance. This led to the Soviets dominance in the olympics in the 60’s. From then on the evolution of performance enhancing drugs expanded exponentially and in turn the use increased dramatically. Other athletes began to follow in the Soviet Union’s steps by implementing performance enhancing drugs into their training regimen in order to compete with the soviets. In 1972 the olympic communityRead MoreEssay on The Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball3073 Words   |  13 PagesThe Use of Steroids in Major League Baseball He walked into his hotel bathroom and cautiously closed the door. Clanging his 60 lb. dumbbell against the floor, he set his travel bag full of needles on the counter. While filling his syringe with THG, he began to think about the consequences of his actions; it is a serious problem, but he doesnt have the willpower to give up the success rewarded from it. As the needle slowly penetrated through the skin and half way through his muscle, he unloadedRead MoreOutcome 1 Know the Main Forms of Mental Ill Health2124 Words   |  9 Pagesthe external expression observed by others. Two groups of mood disorders are broadly recognized; the division is based on whether amanic or hypomanic episode has ever been present. Thus, there are depressive disorders, of which the best-known and most researched is major depressive disorder (MDD) commonly called clinical depression or major depression, and bipolar disorder (BD), formerly known as manic depression and characterized by intermittent episodes of mania or hypomania, usually interlacedRead MoreEssay on Tour de France Drug Abuse4746 Words   |  19 Pagesimage of other sports. The media response to the scandal took differing positions on what should be done next to clean up cycling. The scandal also affected advertisements, sales, and without question the 1999 Tour and Lance Armstrong. Since even the most naà ¯ve fan no longer trusts the cyclists, drug-testing procedures have been instituted. Also, the question now arises regarding medications used by seriously ill cyclists. Certainly, future Tours will be significantly affected. The Union Cycliste Internationale

Literary And Scholarly Works Giovanni s Room By James...

Zaha Abuznada Ethnic Consciousness English Literature in the city, 4890. Anne Dewey May 11, 2015 Outline I. Introduction II. Distinction between a ghetto and an ethnic enclave III. The experiences of people living in ethnic enclaves IV. Different types of enclaves V. Conclusion VI. Works Cited Ethnic Consciousness I. Introduction The experiences of people living in ethnic enclaves have long attracted the attention of many scholars, journalists and writers because they want to understand how these communities are formed, and how the residents of these neighborhoods perceive their identity. This discussion included in this paper will be based on the analysis of literary and scholarly works. For instance, it is possible to refer to such authors as Nella Larsen and Yomme Chang who describe isolated ethnic communities. Furthermore, one can examine the novel Giovanni’s Room written by James Baldwin who examines the reasons why the representatives of the LGBT community can form their own enclaves. Overall, these people can be affected by different factors such as cultural segregation, poverty, linguistic barriers, homophobia, and so forth. Nevertheless, the critical issue is that they feel marginalized and isolated because some aspects of their identity are not accepted by the society. Moreover, these traits can be viewed as the signs of a certain deficiency.

Porters 5 Forces Free Essays

string(32) " place such as the high street\." Sonia’s smoothies 1) Nick calculated that of 200 customers who completed the questionnaire at the rock festival, the mean age was 23. The age distribution conformed to a curve of normal distribution with a standard deviation of 5. Calculate the number of customers aged 33 and over who featured in Sonia’s survey (33-23)? 5 = 2 2% of 200= 4 Answer= 4 2) With reference to the report on the UK smoothie market (appendix 2) analyse two limitations of using secondary sources as the basis of Sonia’s decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Porters 5 Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now Secondary research is one that is carried by a third party and not yourself. The information is collected as it may serve propose in the information you need even though it may have been collected for a different research. There are however some limitations of Sonia using this secondary research whilst making a decision on what smoothie flavours to bring out. In this essay I will discuss these and give my opinion on whether Sonia should or shouldn’t solely base the decision on this information. The first limitation of using secondary research is that it may be several years old and may not reflect the current market conditions. If this is the case for Sonia then it would mean that she may be releasing a flavour into a market that no longer exists. This would mean that her sales will not be as high as she would of hoped, it would also mean that her costs will rise as she would be producing smoothies unaware that these are not going to sell. The impact of both of these things happening will result in Sonia losing profit. This one example shows that for Sonia to solely base her decision on secondary research it would not be good for her business as she could lose out on a lot of potential customers. The second limitation of using secondary research is that it may not be accurate and reliable as it may be biased. If this does happen then it would mean that Sonia would be making a decision on information that is not 100% accurate and true. This would be misleading for her as she would be making a decision based upon something which is not going to benefit her at all. This would result in her again losing profits as her costing will rise through producing the goods and sales being low. This again shows us that if Sonia does make a decision solely based on the secondary research it may result in failure of the product she releases. In conclusion I think that Sonia should use secondary research as it gives her a basic idea about what is happening or has happened in the market which will give her a slight idea but it should be used in conjunction with some primary research such as questionnaires so Sonia 100% accurate data and knowledge. If this is done then it would ensure that the decision being made will be the correct one resulting in the success of the product she releases. 3) Discuss why nick might have recommended that Sonia should not base any decisions on the rock festival research. The rock festival research is a type of primary research. Primary research is one that is collected by yourself. In this essay I am going to discuss the reasons why Nick may have recommended Sonia do not make decisions solely based on the rock festival research, I will then come to a conclusion as to what Sonia should do to ensure the decision being made is the right one. Firstly by carrying out the rock festival research it means only targeting one group of people, therefore other groups such as families and children would be missed out. The consequence of Sonia making her decisions on just the rock festival research could be misleading as she has not taken into consideration groups that may be her major customers. For example families may be her major target audience and if Sonia makes a decision based on a group other than the families she could release a non desirable flavour. If this does happen then it would mean that she could be releasing a flavour that is not in demand which would result in less sales and this less potential profits. It would also mean that her costs will rise through production and this would be wasted money as she may not be able to sell these products. Secondly the response that Sonia may get from the people attending the rock festival may not be 100% accurate as they may not give the correct answers as they will want to enjoy the event itself. For example Sonia may approach an attendee at the rock festival and ask them questions but they may not give thought out answers as they are focusing on the music itself. If this does occur and Sonia does make a decision on this information it could mean that she is making a product which is based on incorrect data which could affect her sales which will make the released product less profitable. I think that Sonia should not base her decisions solely based on the rock festival. I however do think using a method of primary research is a good start to making a decision but she could have thought out where the questionnaires would be conducted a little better. For example she could have done it in a high street where there is a variety of people which would give her better feedback. For Sonia to base her decision solely on this it may result in her getting inaccurate results which would mean that the product released may not be as successful as it could be. I think that if Sonia wants to make the product as effective as it can be she should take do the primary research (questionnaire) in a more suitable place such as the high street. You read "Porters 5 Forces" in category "Papers" I also think that it should be used in conjunction with another type of research such as the secondary research that she had collected before. By using both types of information it will give her more of an understanding as to what a customer wants and it would make her decision making process a lot more easy and accurate. 4) If Sonia decides to use a market research agency to investigate the new smoothie flavours, analyse two ways they might use a quota sample. Quota sampling is a sample created by gathering a predefined number of participants from each of several predetermined categories, for example choosing 25 people both from the categories male and female. There are many advantages of using quota sampling one of which is that it clearly shows the demand from each of the categories. Sonia may want to decide to use a market research agency to investigate new smoothie flavours. I am going to analyse two reasons why they may use quota sampling whilst doing the research for Sonia. The first reason why the market research agency may use quota sampling is so that they can determine clearly what each group of people would like. For example once the research has been done using the groups male and female they can determine what each group wants and can look at the rends. By having this type of sampling it would give Sonia an idea of the wants of each group and she can then make her decision based upon this. I think that this type of sampling would be very good for Sonia as the market she is entering is one which is different according to people’s personal preferences and by understanding what each category wants she can make a decision s o that she can cater for all of them. The second reason why quota sampling may be done is because it is a cheaper method as opposed to taster sampling. Taster sampling is when samples are given out to random customers to get their opinion on things, this means that the costs involved are very high as products are actually given away. By doing quota sampling it means that the cost of actually giving out products is avoided, this would mean that the cost that Sonia has to pay the agency will be less meaning her costs will stay down. 5) Discuss methods of primary research the market research agency might use to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonia’s smoothies. Primary research is one that is done and collected by yourself, primary research can be split into three categories; test marketing, surveys and observations, these can be then split even further into the actual activities. There are many types of primary research that can be undertaken and in this essay I am going to discuss some that the research agency may take up in order to investigate new smoothie flavours for Sonia’s smoothies. The first type of primary research that can be done is questionnaires; these are types of surveys. This method is a very good way of getting back answers from the customers as it can be both qualitative information and quantative information. Questionnaires can be either done in person but can also be done through post. Questionnaires are the most common type and I think that for Sonia smoothies it would be a very good method as she can get a lot of feedback from potential customers. this information would give her a very good idea of what the customers will want and it would help her make the correct decision. The correct decision will intern help her make profit as she knows she has the right product for the right market. However whilst doing questionnaires they will have to make sure that they do not annoy the potential customers through a lot of phone calls etc as this could result in the business losing its reputation and potential sales. The second type of primary research that the market research agency may undertake is consumer panels. A consumer panel is a group meeting that is held whereby questions are asked and noted to give the results. The advantage of consumer panels is that the information is likely to be accurate as the people attending it will have a lot of time to answer the questions meaning that they can thoroughly answer them. The disadvantage is that this type of research is that it may be more costly as the premises etc will have to be organised. This is a very good type of research as it allows qualitative information to be collected as well as opinions however I do not think that it is entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies as she does not necessarily need discussions to take place as all she wants is opinions of flavours and what customers want. Therefore I think that this method is not entirely suitable for Sonia smoothies. Another type of primary research that can be undertaken is taster sampling. This is when samples are given of the product and feedback is received by potential customers. This type of method is very good for a product that people will have different opinions on as it allows feedback from all types of people. Although there is a short term cost of actually producing these samples the long term affect it could have is a positive one as it would mean that the right product is being sold to the customers thus increasing sales and profits. I think that this is a very suitable type of research that can be done by the market research agency as it would not only allow Sonia to get feedback for certain flavours it will also increase brand awareness which would help her in the long run. Furthermore the market research agency may ask supermarkets about the best selling smoothies in their stores. This is a method of primary research as it will be done by themselves. This is a fairly cheap method of research as all it involves is contacting the supermarket with what they need. I think that this is a very good method of research for the market research agency to use as it will help Sonia identify which are the best selling types of products and she could use this information whilst making hers. However Sonia wants to create a new smoothie flavour so copying other flavours may not necessarily be the best option. A way in which Sonia could avoid copying is to maybe mix the two top selling smoothies in the store for example mango and peach flavoured smoothie; this would be different and unique. As a whole I think this method s fairly good in helping Sonia identify what flavours the customer tend to buy. As you can see there are various types or primary research methods that the market research agency can undertake for Sonia smoothies. I think Sonia should use a combination of these. Firstly she should use questionnaires to ask the potential customers what types of flavours that they would like. Once this is done she can begin to make the samples for taster sam pling which will then give her brand reputation as well as the opinion of customers. By doing this it would ensure that the research done is thorough helping her make her final decisions. As a whole I think to maximise effectiveness Sonia should use a combination of research methods to get a lot of peoples opinions. 6) Evaluate the importance of market research for Sonia’s smoothies LTD in making decisions over expansion. Market research is a systematic, objective collection and analysis of data about a particular market. There are many ways to carry out market research. In this essay I will evaluate the importance of Sonia’s smoothies using market research and will give my opinion of how it should be carried out. Sonia smoothies has three man ways that she has identified so that the business can expand further, these are; expanding geographically, by seeking to distribute through a wider range of outlets and lastly expanding the range of flavours that they have. Firstly I am going to talk about the importance of using market research for the third aim of expanding its range of flavours. I think it is very important for Sonia smoothies to use market research as the smoothie market is one which is ever changing through new flavours and changing external factors such as health issues. By doing market research before releasing the product it would help the business understand the current market so that when they do release the new products they know that it is going to work in this market. By ensuring that the product being released is current it would help them increase their sales and profits, intern this would also have a knock on effect on helping them to achieve their first aim of expanding geographically as they will now have the money to do so. Secondly having the arket research can not only be a method for the company to release new products but it can also increase brand awareness as doing things like taster research will make people more aware of the company. If this happens then it could help them with their sales as people would be more aware and will be more confident in buying the product as they have already tasted it. By increasing the brand awareness it would mean that the sales will increase thus helping their profits. As you can see market resear ch has more purpose for Sonia smoothies than just helping them to release new products. It is very important that Sonia’s smoothie takes out the necessary research so that they are successful in achieving their aims. Although market research brings a short term cost in the long run these costs will be covered by the success of the product depending on how well the research is done. Secondly is Sonia smoothie’s aim of distributing their products through a wider range of outlets than just health foods shops and events. There are many ways that market research will enable Sonia smoothies whilst making a decision as to what retailers to choose. Firstly market research can help them to choose the most effective shop. for example it can be used to see which shop has the least competition in it. By using market research to look at such things then it will help the success of the product as they will know that they do not have a lot of competition meaning that their product is more likely to be successful. This type of market research is vital as the market is always changing and the competition is always changing so for Sonia smoothies to have a competitive edge they will have to ensure that they have more sales. This is very important because if there are a lot of competitors it would reduce sales and intern decrease the amount of profits that are made. The second way that the market research may be used for this aim is to look at what retailers sell the most smoothies. By looking at this it will ensure that the smoothies that are made have the necessary demand. This is very important as it would ensure that sales can be made. Increased sales would mean bigger profits. however whilst doing this they will also have to look at the level of competition. As you can see market research is again very important in helping Sonia smoothies in their aim of expanding the number of retailers that they sell in. by increasing this it would help them increase brand awareness which will this increase the sales and profit. An increase in profit will help the business as it would mean that it will help them with their first aim of expanding geographically. Lastly Sonia smoothies has a aim of expanding the geographical area in which the smoothies are sold. This is linked to the second aim of selling through more retailers as that could help them do this. Market research again plays a vital role in making the decision as to where to expand. For example market research can be used to see where there are there is the largest number of children for example (using children as Sonia smoothie’s main customers) by doing this it would give them a good perspective as to where there is a large number of their target audience. By having a lot of people that they can sell to it will increase their sales which will intern increase their profits. Market research is very important in using this as the market is ever changing and there is no point of geographically expanding into an area where the sales are not likely to be high as it would be a waste of money. In conclusion the importance of market research is very high as it could help the business achieve all of their aims that they have set. All the aims are interlinked for example increasing the range of flavours and selling these flavours through more retailers would mean increased sales, increased sales would result in higher profits which can then be used to fund for the geographical expansion. Because of this Sonia smoothies will have to ensure whilst doing the market research that it is done thoroughly, however they also have to keep an eye on the cost of the market research as they do not want to do it in such a depth where it costs them too much. If Sonia smoothies takes out the necessary market research then it could help them achieve all of their objectives of expansion, without market research the business cannot achieve their aims as effectively. How to cite Porters 5 Forces, Papers

Ordinary Shares Issued by the JB HiFi Limited

Questions: 1. How many ordinary shares have been issued by the company at financial year-end?2. Are any of the company's issued shares not fully paid at the end of the financial year? If so, provide details. Answers: 1. Ordinary Shares issued by the JB HiFi Limited The total ordinary shares issues by the JB HiFi limited are worth of 2789881 out of which 2663051 were unvested as per the 2014 annual report. The total number of board of directors within the company is 6 where the fully paid ordinary shares have been shared among the directors of the company (www.jbhifi.com.au, 2015). The ordinary shares holders are the owner of the company. The shares have been distributed by the owners of the company as per their capital investment within the company. The ordinary shareholder has fully voting right within the JB HiFi limited. The total issuance of shares under the shareholder options plan are 21523. The total owners equity is very much shows that, company has buy back the shares of 25830. Ordinary shareholder receive the residual income which is leftover income after the paying the interest to the debenture holder and the divided paid to the preference share holders. Therefore, the amount payable to the ordinary shareholder is very much pre-deter minable. Since, the amount of the share which JB limited has issued along the shareholder is very much calculated on the basis of EPS. The EPS of the company is 128.4cps which is growing every year after the 2011 collapse for the JB HiFi (The Australian, 2015). Owners equity of JB HiFi Limited (2014) Issue of shares under share options plans 21523 Shares buy back (25,803) Share issues and buy back cost (84) Dividends paid (77,183) Acquisitions of non controlling interest (5400) Share based payments expense 3592 Share based payments income 436 Balance 294,633 2. Are any issues shares are not fully paid at the end of financial year? Fully paid ordinary shares of JB HiFi limited Australia is given below: Directors Total shares Executive share option plan Total G.Richards 23000 - J.King 32258 - B. Laughton 500 - G.levin 30000 - R.Uechtritz 10,000 - R.Murray 102,000 311640 311640 As per the above, given informations the 6 major director of the company has been fully paid their shares. The director of the company has been paid in different amount as per their holdings. The highest paid amount was given to the G Murray which is also the CEO of HB HiFi limited company. However, R. Murray is been able to receive the direct number of shares 100,000 and 2000 indirect share but as per the executive share option plan , R Murray is 311640 which is also been paid by the company. As the company CEO ahs juts been change after retiring of the terry smart on 30th June 2014 (www.jbhifi.com.au, 2015). The newly appointed CEO of the company Mr.Murray will be getting more than 311640 which are needed to pay as per the executive share options plan. This issues of such shares options is also been subjected to the approval of the entire members in the AGM which will be held in October 2014. The executive share option is been given to the major member of the company who is also been one of the most important position of the company. Reference List Websites TheAustralian, (2015). JB Hi-Fi lifts annual profit by 10pc. [online] Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/profit-loss/jb-hifi-lifts-annual-profit-by-10pc/story-fn91vch7-1227020196566?nk=01380d60de290ea0aa293908b4a9d7ef [Accessed 16 Jan. 2015]. www.jbhifi.com.au, (2015). JB Hi-Fi ANNUAL REPORT 2014. [online] Available at: https://www.jbhifi.com.au/Documents/Annual%20Reports/JB%20Hi_Fi%20Limited_Annual_Report_2014.pdf [Accessed 15 Jan. 2015].